新型石油沥青基碳材料的制备、表征及应用

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	新型石油沥青基碳材料的制备、表征及应用
	赵品晖
	2016-05
关键词	沥青石墨烯量子点活性炭海绵细胞成像气体吸附油品吸附
学科分类	生物学
报告类别	专题报告
中文摘要	The novel carbon based materials，including High specific surface area of porous carbon，Hydrophobic macroporous carbon materials and Graphene Quantum Dot，have potential applications in various fields，such as fluorescence probe，gas storage and energy storage due to their unnique optics, chemical and electrical properties. However, the synthesis of this carbon based materials in cheap and large-sacle is still a challenge.In this paper，Benefiting from the natural nano-size graphene-structure in low vale asphalt material，facile routes are presented to produce high quality novel carbon-based materials including graphene quantum dots (GQDs), emulsion-based activated carbons (A-ACs) and graphene-melamine sponge (GMS), and their application in cancer cell imaging，gas absorption and oil absorption are also stuied respectively. Benefiting from the natural nano-size graphene-structure in natural asphaltene material, a facile one-pot route, mild chemical oxidation of low-value petroleum asphaltene followed by routine ammonium neutralization, is presented to produce high quality graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The asphaltene-derived GQDs possess a variety of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, amine and nitro groups. They present such excellent fluorescence properties as stable ability to retain strong green fluorescence within a relative broad excitation range in a bio-suitable pH range of 4–7, high photoluminescence quantum yield of 18% and good fluorescent stability against photobleaching. And they are much smaller and thinner than most reported GQDs, displaying good biocompatibility with low cytotoxicity, effective cellular uptake and excellent fluorescent probe performance for cancer cell imaging. Asphalt emulsion-based activated carbons (A-ACs) with ultrahigh surface areas are synthesized directly from low-vale AEu by one-step carbonization and KOH activation for the first time, exhibiting great potential to CO2 and CH4 storage in large-scale. Due to AEu is water-base and fluidity, it is easy to be mixed with KOH, the whole operation is done without using organic solvents and pre-carbonization. After KOH activation, the surface area of A-AC4 reach up to 2736ｍ2/g, and its adsorption for CO2 and CH4 at 298K and 20bar grew to 19.31 mmol/g and 9.85 mmol/g respectively. While under 298K and 1bar the uptake of CO2 on A-AC2 was up to 4.01 mmol/g. It is concluded that the gas adsorption capacity on A-ACs is in a top-ranked uptake among the carbon materials with large surface areas. In summary, this work will pave a new way for efficient and scale-up production of activated carbons for adsorption as well as energy storage for supercapacitors and batteries from AEu using different activator and templates. Effect removel of olis and leakage chemicals fromwater is of significance in oceanography，Environmental protection, and industial production. Materials that can reduce enviromental pollution are in high demand. Herein,A graphene-melamine sponge (GMS) oil-absorption material has been prepared via a green, facile and cheap route of dip-coated sponge carbonization by using melamine sponge as template and asphalt/ petroleum ether solution as dip-coating reagent. Carbonized at 600°C, the GMS presents high-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic properties and excellent oil absorption performance. The graphene loading capacity has significant influence on the hydrophobic and adsorption properties of GMS，among them the oil absorption capacity of GMS-4 can reach 246 multiples in mass over its net mass, significantly higher than that of most reported oil absorbents. Furthermore, it also has good fire resistance, flexible compressibility and recyclability. These results suggest GMS has a promising applicability in the pollution control of oil spill.
英文摘要	新型碳材料如石墨烯量子点、高比表面积微孔碳和疏水性大孔碳材料等由于其自身独特的结构而具有优异的光学、化学和电学等性能，从而在荧光探针、气体存储和能量存储等方面具有潜在的应用前景。目前，如何低成本、大规模制备这些碳材料仍然面临着巨大的挑战。因此，本论文以便宜的沥青为碳源，利用其丰富的多环芳烃结构，采用简便的制备工艺，制备了新型沥青质衍生的石墨烯量子点、基于乳化沥青的活性炭（ACS）和石墨烯/密胺复合海绵（GMS），并分别研究了他们在细胞成像、气体存储和油水分离中的应用。得益于天然沥青质材料中纳米尺寸的石墨烯结构，提出了采用简单的一锅法，混酸化学氧化低价值的石油沥青质，然后采用氨水中和的方法，制备高质量的石墨烯量子点（GQDs）。这种沥青质衍生的GQDs拥有非常丰富的含氧官能团和含氮官能团，如：羧基，羟基，氨基和硝基。所制备的GQDs表现出优越的荧光性质，如在一个相对较宽的激发范围和生物相容性的pH=4-7的范围内发出强烈的绿色荧光；荧光量子产率高达18%；具有非常好的抗光漂白性。此外，所制备的GQDs比大部分已报道的GQDs要小和薄。具有非常低的毒性，表现出好的生物相容性，有效的细胞内吞性，是一种优越的用于癌细胞成像的荧光探针。以乳化沥青为碳源，KOH为活化剂，简便、高效的一步碳化法制备了具有超高比表面积的乳化沥青基多孔碳材料，表现出优越的CO2和CH4吸附能力。乳化沥青的使用使得整个制备过程在水相中操作，避免了有机溶剂的使用和预碳化过程，且更容易与活化剂进行混合。整个制备过程非常的简便，节能环保，活化效率高，活化剂KOH的用量显著减少，适于大规模制备多孔碳材料，而且该类碳材料表现出优越的气体存储能力，在CH4，CO2存储中是一种非常有前途的吸附剂。适量KOH活化的多孔碳AC4比表面积高达2736ｍ2/g，在高压区25℃ 20bar时，CO2和CH4的吸附量分别高达19.31mmol/g和9.85mol/g。AC2在低压区25℃ 1bar时，表现出较大的的CO2和CH4吸附量，CO2和CH4的吸附量分别高达3.97mmol/g和4.22mol/g；这在大比表面积碳材料中处于一个较高的水平。因此，本论文提供了一种大规模制备高比表面积活性炭的方法。有效去除水中的油和泄露的有机溶剂对于海洋生态，环境保护和工业生产非常重要。能够降低环境污染的材料非常的需要。本论文以富含天然石墨烯结构的廉价的石油沥青为碳源，以商业密胺海绵为模板，采用一种简单、高效的浸渍-涂覆和碳化的方法合成了高疏水性和超高亲油性的石墨烯/密胺复合炭海绵(GMS)。研究结果表明：所制备的GMS能够选择性吸附水中的有机污染物，石墨烯负载量对GMS的疏水性能和吸附性能都有显著影响，其中适宜石墨烯负载量的GMS-4对不同污染物的吸附能力达到自身重量的85~100倍；此外，GMS表现出良好的阻燃性能和可压缩性能，进而表现出优越的循环使用性能，循环使用6次后，吸附性能损失量均小于20%。因此，GMS在海洋溢油及工业有机废水等大面积处理和快速高效分离方面具有广阔的应用前景。
文献类型	研究报告
条目标识符	http://ir.qibebt.ac.cn/handle/337004/9798
专题	公共实验室
作者单位	中科院青岛生物能源与过程研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	赵品晖. 新型石油沥青基碳材料的制备、表征及应用. 2016.